Characterization of residues from dismantled imported wastes

Residues from the imported wastes dismantling process create a great burden on the ambient environment. To develop appropriate strategies for the disposal of such residues, their characteristics were studied through background value analysis and toxicity leaching tests. Our results showed that the heavy metals concentrations in residues were high, particularly those of Cu (7180 mg kg^?1), Zn (2783 mg kg^?1), and Pb (1954 mg kg^?1). Toxicity leaching tests revealed a high metal releasing risk of such residues if they are disposed of in a landfill. However, the residues of imported wastes were also found to have some intrinsic metal recycling value.     

Overflow risk analysis for designing a nonpoint sources control detention

This paper presents a design method by which the overflow risk related to a detention for managing nonpoint pollutant sources in urban areas can be evaluated. The overall overflow risk of a nonpoint pollutant sources control detention can be estimated by inherent overflow risk and operational overflow risk. For the purpose of calculating overflow risk, the 3-parameter mixed exponential distribution is applied to describe the probability distribution of rainfall event depth. As a rainfall-runoff calculation procedure required for deriving a rainfall capture curve, the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service runoff curve number method is applied to consider the nonlinearity of the rainfall-runoff relation. Finally, the detention overflow risk is assessed with respect to the detention design capacity and drainage time. The proposed overflow risk assessment is expected to provide a baseline to determine quantitative parameters in designing a nonpoint sources control detention.     

INVESTIGATION OF TURBIDITY MAXIMUM IN A MESOTIDAL ESTUARY,TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: To comprehend the distributions of salinity, temperature, and suspended sediment in the Danshuei River estuary in Taiwan, monthly field surveys were conducted in 2003. These included several high and low slackwater surveys and intensive surveys. The results show that the Danshuei River estuary is predominately a partially mixed estuary. The highest concentration of suspended sediment is typically observed at the Chung‐Hsin Bridge, the most upstream sampling station. The suspended sediment concentration exhibits a general decreasing trend in the downstream direction. It may be concluded that the sediments mostly come from the upstream reach. A locally high concentration of suspended sediment is found at the Kuan‐Du station because of the local deep channel bathymetry and two‐layered estuarine circulation. A vertical two‐dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model is applied to investigate the tidally averaged salinity distribution, residual circulation, and suspended sediment concentration. The modeling results reveal that, under the Q₇₅ flow condition (i.e., low flow), a turbidity maximum occurs at the Kuan‐Du station due to the strong estuarine circulation. The model simulation with a much higher river flow condition results in a weaker residual circulation and weaker turbidity maximum.     

除尘系统加接新支管的理论和实践

对于一个现有的除尘系统,若其除尘器、通风机的工作能力有足够的富余量,则可以在该系统管网上加接新的支管,来治理新的扬尘点。     

Selective leaching of valuable metals from waste printed circuit boards

This study was carried out to recover valuable metals from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of waste computers. PCB samples were crushed to smaller than 1 mm by a shredder and initially separated into 30% conducting and 70% nonconducting materials by an electrostatic separator. The conducting materials, which contained the valuable metals, were then used as the feed material for magnetic separation, where it was found that 42% of the conducting materials were magnetic and 58% were nonmagnetic. Leaching of the nonmagnetic component using 2 M H2SO4 and 0.2 M H2O2 at 85 degrees C for 12 hr resulted in greater than 95% extraction of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Al. Au and Ag were extracted at 40 degrees C with a leaching solution of 0.2 M (NH4)2S2O3, 0.02 M CuSO4, and 0.4 M NH4OH, which resulted in recovery of more than 95% of the Au within 48 hr and 100% of the Ag within 24 hr. The residues were next reacted with a 2 M NaCl solution to leach out Pb, which took place within 2 hr at room temperature.     

可变模糊评价法在洪涝灾情评价中的应用

灾情评价实质上是一个模式识别问题.以往的灾情评价模型,虽解决了各单项指标灾情等级评估结果的不相容问题,但往往不能检验所给结果的准确性.基于可变模糊集理论,采用可变模糊评价模型可以科学、合理地确定样本指标对各级指标标准区间的相对隶属度和相对隶属函数,并且能够通过变换参数(α与P)变化模型进行评价.通过对多个评价结果进行比较分析,可以合理地确定出样本的评价等级.同时,由于该模型确定的灾级是连续的实数值,因而提高了灾情等级评价的灾级分辨率.最后将该方法应用于河南省洪涝灾情的综合评价中.应用实例表明,该模型计算简便,评价结果可信度高,可推广应用到其它灾情等级评估中.     

结构滞回阻尼比计算方法的改进研究∗

目前计算结构滞回阻尼比常用的方法是能量比法，该方法在给定滞回模型的基础上采用滞回耗能与结构总弹性应变能的比值求得结构滞回阻尼比，但该方法是建立在简谐激励下结构稳态响应的基础之上，对于真实地震下结构滞回阻尼比计算并不完全适用。考虑到这一不足，本文提出一种新的迭代计算结构滞回阻尼比的方法，在Carlos提出的结构滞回阻尼比计算方法的基础上，考虑地震激励频率对阻尼比的影响，通过改进Carlos迭代计算方法，得到了考虑地震激励频率影响的滞回阻尼比计算公式，通过该公式分析得出了不同延性系数和周期比对滞回阻尼比的影响规律，结果表明不同延性系数的结构滞回阻尼比会随着周期比的增大先增大再减小。本研究可为结构进入非线性状态后减震结构总体阻尼比的计算提供理论依据。     

磨细粉煤灰自动装车除尘系统的研制

针对磨细粉煤灰由储料仓向罐式汽车内装料的作业特点,研制了自动化装车除尘系统,解决了装车过程中的粉尘污染问题,并实现了装车过程的自动化。     

淀山湖浮游植物叶绿素a粒径组成及其与水质因子相关性

于2005年6月至2006年5月对淀山湖小型（20～200 μm）、微型（2～20 μm）和微微型（<2 μm）浮游植物叶绿素a和水质因子进行逐月调查研究。结果表明：小型和微型浮游植物是淀山湖水体年均叶绿素a的主要贡献者，二者贡献率之和为7479%。淀山湖叶绿素a粒径组成百分比的季节变动与水体浮游植物群落结构季节演替密切相关：小型浮游植物叶绿素a浓度所占百分比春季最高，而微型、微微型的则分别在秋、冬季最高。相关性分析显示，小型、微型浮游植物叶绿素a浓度百分比与NH3 N含量分别呈显著正、负相关，微微型浮游植物叶绿素a百分比与BOD5呈极显著负相关。对应滤食性鱼类等水生动物的食性粒级，探讨了运用非经典生物操纵技术防治淀山湖富营养化的可行性。〖